英汉互译技巧​之六:英译汉中的词类转换法

来源:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/b59aS59pRHUHH5rkoRXUiw

  在翻译过程中,由于两种语言在语法和表达习惯上的差异,我们有时必须改变原文某些词语的词类或句子成分才能有效地传达出原文的准确意思。

      英译汉的词类转换主要有这样几种:

  1. 各种词类转换成动词

2. 各种词类转换成名词

3. 各种词类转换成形容词

4. 各种词类转换成副词

5. 英译汉句子成分的转换

英译汉中的词类转换法

1.各种词转变成动词

例1:

The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.

看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,我感到心驰神往。(名词转变成动词)

例2:

I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.

我想我的小弟弟比我得好。(名词转变成动词)

例3:

Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.

医生说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。(形容词转换成动词)

例4:

As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.

他跑出去时,忘记了穿鞋。(副词转变成动词)https://wxa.wxs.qq.com/tmpl/on/base_tmpl.html

英译汉中的词类转换法

2.各种词转变成名词

例1:

To them, he personified the absolute power.

在他们看来,他就是绝对权力的化身。(动词转变成名词)

例2:

The design aimsat automatic operation ,easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity.

设计的目的在于自动操作,调节方便,维护简易,生产率高。(动词转变成名词)

例3:

Both the compounds are acids, the former is strong, the latter weak.

这两种化合物都是酸,前者是强酸,后者是弱酸。(形容词转变成名词)

例4:

Radio waves are similar to light waves except that theirwavelength is much greater.

无线电波与光波相似,但线电波的波长要长得多。(代词转变成名词)

英译汉中的词类转换法

3.各种词转变成形容词

例1:

Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.

学习中的独立思考是绝对必须的。(名词转变成形容词)

例2:

Earthquakes are closely related to faulting.

地震与断裂运动有密切的关系。(副词转变成形容词)https://wxa.wxs.qq.com/tmpl/on/base_tmpl.html

汉译英中的增词法

4.各种词转变成副词

例1:

A helicopter is free to go almost anywhere.

直升飞机几乎可以自由地飞到任何地方去。(形容词转变成副词)

例2:

I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted.

荣幸地通知您,您的请求已得到批准。(名词转变成副词)

例3:

The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.

新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民,获得了他们的一些好感。(名词转变成副词)

汉译英中的增词法

5.句子成分的转变

例1:

As the match burns, heat and light are given off.

火柴燃烧时发出光和热。(主语变宾语)

例2:

This sort of stone has a relative density of 2.7.

这种石头的相对密度是2.7。(宾语变主语)

例3:

Caremust be taken at all times to protect the instrument from dust and damp.

应当始终注意保护仪器,不使其沾染灰尘和受潮。(主语变谓语)

例4:

Careful comparison of them will show you the difference.

只要仔细把它们比较一下,你就会发现不同之处。(主语变副词, 宾语变主语)