来源:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU4MzE1NjA3NA==&mid=2247528447&idx=3&sn=48da4f86dce79af706695c984dd93153&chksm=fc0474806be7b0f3d071cda03e05fef20aedc39b01c1796cf78b6ea0e13168316e2d7c7712cf&scene=27
重译法,有的著家亦称之为重复法等。repetition既然在翻译中被称为ー种技巧,自然就不是一般所说的不必要的重复,而是ー种必不可少的方法。可以这样确定它的定义:在翻译中,有时为了忠实于原文、不得不重复某些词语,否则就不能忠实表达原文的意思。这种反复使用某些词语于翻译的方法就叫重译法。
一般说来,重译法有如下三个作用:一是为了明确;二是为了强调;三是为了生动。
一、为了使译文明确或强调某些内容,就要设法消除任何可能出现的误解。要消除这些误解,在某些文体中,特别是在合同、条约等正式的应用文体中,要少用代词而重复使用名词。譬如下面的译例,在译文中要重复使用“日本”等名词而尽量避免使用代词“它”因为这一段文字引自ー涉及中国、前 苏联和日本三国关系的条约,引文中的both contracting parties指China和The Soviet Union,所谈之事关系重大,如果用“它”太多,那么“它”代表China、Japan呢,还是代表The Soviet Union呢?不同的人会有不同的理解,因此翻译下句中代词it时应重译其前面的名词。
“Both contracting parties undertake jointly to adopt all necessary measures at their disposal for the purpose of preventing the resumption of aggression and violation of peace on the part of Japan or any other state which would collaborate with Japan directly or indirectly in act of egression. In the event of one ot the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus being involved in a state of war,the other contracting party will immediately render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal.
“缔约国双方保证共同尽力采取一切必要的措施,以期制止日本或其他直接或间接在侵略行为上与日本相勾结的任何国家之重新侵略与破坏和平。一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭,因而处于战争状态时,缔约国的另一方即尽其全力给予军事及其他援助。”
二、为了明确,有时需要重复宾语。在英语中,一句话里两个动词共用一个宾语,宾语只在第二个动词之后出现一次。而在汉语中,这样的宾语要在每个动词后分別出现。定语后的名词亦如此。如:
1. We have to analyse and solve problems.
我们要分析问题,解决问题。
2. Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.
我们來修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。
3. Aristocratic and democratic tendencies in a nation often show themselves in its speech.
民族的贵族倾向和民主倾向常在其言语中表现出来。
三、英语常用省略,但为了明确,也为了强调某些内容,在汉语中常常要将省去的部分重译出来。如:
1. I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.
我已提前完成了交给我的工作,他也提前完成了交给他的工作。
2. Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.
无知是恐惧的根源,也是敬佩的根源,
3. The use of atomic weapons is a clear violation of international law—in particular of the Geneva Convention.
使用原子武器显然违反国际法,特别违反日内瓦公约。
四、被定语从句修饰的名词有时在英译汉中要重复。
We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa,
我们提倡和平共处的原则,这个原则目前在亚非各国越来越得人心了。
五、在汉泽英吋,往往还有下面两种情况:一是汉语重复,英译时也重复;二是根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表达方式进行重复,这种重复通常是为了传达原文的生动性。
1. 这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。
What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figures.
2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。
A large family has its difficulties.
3.车辚辚,马萧萧,行人弓箭各在腰。
Chariots rumble and roll; horses whinny and neigh .
Footmen at their girdle bows and arrows display.
4. 帝城春欲暮,喧暄车马度,
In the Royal city spring is almost over;
Tinkle,tinkle—the coaches and horsemen pass.
5. 白杨何萧萧,松扫夹广路。
The white aspens, how they murmur, murmur ;
Pines and cypresses flank the broad paths.
6. 天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。
The sky is blue,blue ;
And the steppe wide,wide ;
Over grass that the wind has battered low;
Sheep and oxen roam.
7. 寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。
Seek, seek ; search,search ;
Cold, cold ; bare , bare;
Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief
Now warm, then like the autumn cold again,
How hard to calm the heart!
8. 茫茫九派流中国,沉沉ー线穿南北。
Wide,wide flow the nine streams through the land,
Dark,dark threads the line from south to north.
9. 行行重行行,与君生别离。
On and on , always on and on,
Away from you, parted by a life-parting.
10. 青青河边草,郁郁园中柳。
Green grows the grass upon the bank,
The willow shoots are long and lank.
11. 梯田渐渐稀,村舍遥遥对。
Ridges of fields grow few and far between,
While far away some cottages are seen.
以上11个译例之原文绝大多数源出中国古典文学,因多为名句,故每ー句原文均可找出多种译法,此处只引用ー种译法,不一定是最佳的译法,只供讨论翻译技巧时参考。
与汉译英的情况相似,英译汉时有时也要根据各自的习惯用法进行重复。如:
1. Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace 一 but there is no peace.
先生们尽管可以高呼和平,和平!但是依然没有和平。
2. If you didn’t succeed at first, try, try, try again .
起初不成功,可以一试再试。
3. What we want, first and foremost, is to learn,to learn and to learn .
我们首先需要的是学习、学习、再学习。